Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (MmmSC) is a notifiable disease and has to be reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (Office International des Epizooties, OIE, http://www.oie.int). Despite the fact that the last reported cases in Germany date back to 1926, the risk of introduction through clinically inconspicuous animals from countries where the disease is still endemic is rising. This is due mainly to an increase in international trade of live cattle and the failure to contain CBPP in many parts of Africa and elsewhere. To detect and eliminate this highly contagious infectious disease of the bovine respiratory tract, it is necessary to recognize matching clinical symptoms as soon as possible, as well as to have efficient methods for its detection on hand. In the present paper, we describe clinical manifestations and review state-of-the-art research, as well as currently used detection methods.