Diseases that affect the mitral valve include mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, rheumatic heart disease, and cardiomyopathy. The results of diagnostic procedures are used to identify and confirm mitral valve disease, evaluate the patient's anatomy, and determine the severity of the disease. After the patient is prepared for surgery, the surgeon performs an intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram and the patient is placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. A repair procedure (eg, annuloplasty, slidingplasty, chordal repair/transfer/replacement, valve replacement) is performed depending on the patient's specific anatomical abnormalities.