Nowadays more and more patients survive severe brain injury, whether due to traumatic or other causes, owing to the technological advances in medicine. Added to this is a better understanding of pathophysiologic processes, the quality and availability of emergency medicine, and increased medical knowledge in the field. More patients are regaining consciousness than previously. Recovery of functional ability ranges from those still requiring significant nursing care to those able to function independently in activities of daily living. These changes in the levels of consciousness and function can also occur after very long periods of vegetative state. In our personal experience in the hospital, in 2004, 81% of patients in a post-traumatic vegetative state recovered some level of consciousness.