Candiduria is rather common. Yeasts could be detected in urine that was contaminated during collection of the specimens in patients with urinary bladder colonization or the upper urinary tract infection due either to retrograde spread of the pathogen from the urinary bladder or hematogenous dissemination from a distant infection focus. Most patients with candiduria are asymptomatic. The rate of complications is not known but appears to be low since candidemia rarely results from asymptomatic candiduria unless obstruction is present or instrumental examination of the urinary tract was performed. Unfortunately, there are no reliable diagnostic tests distinguishing fungal infection and colonization. Guidelines for antifungal therapy of candiduria, based almost entirely on fantastic reports and expert opinions, rather than on controlled clinical trials, were proposed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Until reliable methods for distinguishing infection from colonization are developed, further use of antifungal therapy is unlike to provide information for clinicians on the pathogenesis and effective treatment of candiduria.