Alpha E-catenin is included in the same category as alpha N-catenin, and both of them have been identified as subtypes of alpha-catenin. A previous study issued from our laboratory demonstrated that alpha N-catenin is localized in the axoplasm of unmyelinated peripheral nerves, whereas the localization of alpha E-catenin in the peripheral nervous system has not yet been reported. The present study was focused on the distribution of alpha E-catenin in the rat sciatic nerve. By electron microscopy using immunocytochemical methods, alpha E-catenin immunoreactivities were generally detected in the Schwann cell cytoplasm of unmyelinated nerve and the outer loop of myelinated nerve. Those findings suggest that alpha E-catenin may be associated with Schwann cell-Schwann cell or axon-Schwann cell contacts.