Afghanistan is one of the poorest countries and its demographic indicators are the worst in the world. Epidemiologic profile is dominated by vector-, water-, food-borne diseases and respiratory tract diseases. Significant threats pose also environmental factors, as an effect of high and low temperature, wind, sand, dust and local fauna. The whole of threats complete mines and unexploded ordnance scattered hundreds of square kilometers of Afghan land. Their number is assesses at 7 to 10 millions what makes Afghanistan one of the most mined and dangerous for traveling countries in the world. Information concerning current epidemiological hazards which can find travelers visited Afghanistan is presented in the article.