The paper describes possible causes of stenoses of the trachea and main bronchi; these are congenital, concurrent rare systemic diseases, such as amyloid disease, osteoplastic tracheopathy, and idiopathic stenoses. However, particular emphasis is laid on stenotic processes resulting from mechanical injury to the trachea, including those in blunt and open injury to the chest and, chiefly iatrogenic damages as fatal complications in anesthesiological and resuscitative practice. The causes and mechanisms of development of iatrogenic stenoses caused by both ischemic lesion of the tracheal wall and direct trauma of the trachea and main bronchi with individual elements of one- or two-channel intubation tubes, their guides, or endoscopes are analyzed. The present-day classification of scarring stenoses and guidelines for intensive care and prevention of damages to the tracheobronchial tree and further development of severe stenotic processes are presented.