Sepsis is life-treating state caused by overwhelming inflammatory response to infection accompanied by disregulation of non-specific immunity mechanisms. In this review we discussed influence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial virulence factors, cytokines as well as pathogen associated molecular pattern receptors (TLR-toll like receptors, peptydoglican recognition proteins, nucleotide binding oligomerization domains, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1) on the development and course of sepsis.