The myofascial pain syndrome is an autonomous clinical picture with well-defined clinical and morphological features. The myofascial pain is initiated through trigger points in the musculature which induce a typical referred pain into a specific body region typical for each muscle. Untreated, the myofascial pain syndrome leads to a reduced extensibility of the involved muscle with consecutive decrease of the range of motion and development of a muscular imbalance resulting in a disturbance of complex movement and evolution of a chronic pain disease. An early started and aimed therapy can prevent effectively the chronification. It includes beside the local treatment of the trigger point (e. g. spray-and-stretch, infiltration, acupuncture), the pharmacological and psychotherapy, the physiotherapy and the different procedures of the physical therapy.