In this paper I present, in the first place, two of the main problems in the philosophy of mind: 1) the problem of the criteria of the mental, and 2) the problem of the relationship between the mental and the physical. In the last part, I mention two problems highly discussed nowadays which, in my view, will produce the most important advance in the knowledge of our minds in the next decades: the problem of consciousness and its neural basis, and the problem of the origin and development of a theory of mind.