Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and loss of P53 function have been identified as frequent events in various human tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate P53 protein expression and to detect HPV in the tissue samples of 45 benign (papillomas) and 38 malignant conjunctival and eyelid lesions (27 basal cell carcinomas and 11 squamous cell carcinomas). We also looked for eventual relationships between P53 expression and clinicopathological features such as age, histological type of tumor, grading and staging. HPV infection was detected using the PCR-RFLP method. Specific primers were engaged and PCR products of HPV 16, 18, and 33, underwent enzymatic digestion at 37 degrees C. We revealed P53 protein expression in 30 out of 45 (66.6%) squamous cell papillomas. In the SCC and BCC groups, P53 was present in 31 out of 38 carcinomas and there was a statistically significant correlation between histological type of tumor and P53 protein expression. Malignant type HPV 16 and 18 were detected in three squamous cell papillomas, two BCCs and one SCC. However, we observed P53 protein expression in only two HPV-positive papillomas and one infiltrative type of BCC. P53 is probably involved in the development of conjunctival and eyelid tumors due to its high rate of presence in both benign and malignant neoplasms of these organs. HPV seems to occur rarely. In some cases its role in the pathogenesis of conjunctival and eyelid tumorigenesis should be considered as auxiliary.