Wolbachia is a common and widespread group of bacteria found in reproductive tissues of arthropods. These bacteria are transmitted through the cytoplasm of eggs and have evolved various mechanisms for manipulating reproduction of their hosts. Because of important relationship with some major biological issues and implication of biological control and genetic engineering, the study of Wolbachia has under gone an explosive growth in recent years. A tremendous progress has been made based on the advancing molecular diagnostic technique of Wolbachia. In this paper, those molecular diagnostic techniques are detailed and it is aimed to be the primer for the research of Wolbachia in China.