Serial ultrasound examinations in the preterm infant have documented a strong predictive relationship between PVL and adverse neurologic sequelae, particularly cerebral palsy. Good obstetric management with carefully timed intervention as well as prevention of hypoxic-ischemic episodes postnatally may prevent PVL. The nurse plays a significant role in preventing PVL in the preterm infant. She should understand the risk factors associated with PVL and establish protocols in nursing care to promote minimal handling. Prevention of hypoxemia and wide fluctuations in blood pressure are critical. Careful attention to adequate ventilation and the continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation will help avoid and treat hypoxemia episodes.