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The Precautionary Principle

Načelo utvrđivanja rizika
Authors: Hayes, A. Wallace;

The Precautionary Principle

Abstract

The Precautionary Principle in its simplest form states: "When an activity raises threats of harm to human health or the environment, precautionary measures should be taken even if some cause-and-effect relationships are not fully established scientifically". This Principle is the basis for European environmental law, and plays an increasing role in developing environmental health policies as well. It also is used in environmental decision-making in Canada and in several European countries, especially in Denmark, Sweden, and Germany. The Precautionary Principle has been used in the environmental decision-making process and in regulating drugs and other consumer products in the United States. The Precautionary Principle enhances the collection of risk information for, among other items, high production volume chemicals and risk-based analyses in general. It does not eliminate the need for good science or for science-based risk assessments. Public participation is encouraged in both the review process and the decision-making process. The Precautionary Principle encourages, and in some cases may require, transparency of the risk assessment process on health risk of chemicals both for public health and the environment. A debate continues on whether the Principle should embrace the "polluter pays" directive and place the responsibility for providing risk assessment on industry. The best elements of a precautionary approach demand good science and challenge the scientific community to improve methods used for risk assessment.

Načelo utvrđivanja rizika u svojem najjednostavnijem obliku glasi: "Kad radnja povećava opasnost za ljudsko zdravlje ili okoliš, trebale bi biti poduzete mjere opreza iako neke uzročno-posljedične veze nisu znanstveno utemeljene." To načelo je temelj za Europski zakon o okolišu i igra sve važniju ulogu u razvoju politike zaštite okoliša. Također se rabi u donošenju odluka vezanih za okoliš u Kanadi i nekoliko europskih zemalja, posebno Danskoj, Švedskoj i Njemačkoj. Načelo utvrđivanja rizika rabi se u postupku donošenja odluka vezanih za okoliš i u regulativi lijekova i ostalih proizvoda široke potrošnje u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Načelo utvrđivanja rizika upotpunjuje skup podataka o riziku, između ostalog od kemikalija koje se proizvode u velikim količinama i općenito analiza koje se temelje na procjeni rizika. Načelo ne isključuje potrebu za znanošću ili znanstveno temeljene procjene rizika. Javnost je potaknuta na sudjelovanje u procjenjivanju i donošenju odluka. Načelo utvrđivanja rizika potiče, a u nekim slučajevima i zahtijeva transparentnost postupka procjene rizika od kemikalija opasnih za okoliš i zdravlje ljudi. Nastavlja se rasprava treba li načelo obuhvatiti direktivu "polluter pays" i postaviti odgovornost za provedbu procjene rizika u industriji. Najbolji elementi mjera opreza zahtijevaju dobru znanost i potiču znanstvenu zajednicu da unapređuje metode za procjenu rizika.

Country
Croatia
Keywords

Risk Management, procjena rizika, znanstvena nesigurnost, public health, risk assessment, scientific uncertainty, United States, Europe, Harm Reduction, inventivnost, javno zdravstvo, Humans, Public Health, Environmental Health, inventiveness, štetnost, harm

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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold