The cerebrospinal fluid shunt is one of the most common surgical procedures in pediatric neurosurgery. Nevertheless, an important rate of failure (mechanical, infectious or functional) can occur. These complications can result from the hydrocephalus itself, the surgical technique (type of material and surgeon experience) and infectious problems related to foreign material. Most of the time, the clinical signs of these failures are obvious (intracranial hypertension or signs of meningitis) but can also be insidious.