Up-to-date information on vaccination coverage and seroprevalence are the basis for enhancing the acceptance of vaccination and increasing vaccination coverage. In Germany these data are currently only available to a limited extent. Existent data sources only permit estimates of vaccination coverage or are not age appropriate, such as the representative data from the school entry examinations. Despite increasing vaccination coverage of children and adolescents in recent years, existent data indicate important coverage gaps for certain vaccines. In addition, the vaccination status in adults is often incomplete. Improved surveillance of vaccination coverage and seroprevalence could make an important contribution to closing gaps in vaccination coverage.