Main symptoms related to submucous fibroids are menorrhagia, infertility, and postmenopausal bleeding. First experiences of hysteroscopic transcervical resection of fibroids have been published by Neuwirth in the late seventies. Reports with long-term follow-up in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding are available. After a follow-up period of five years and more, results are satisfactory in 70-85% of the patients. Intramural class 2 and larger fibroids (> 4 cm) constitute the limits of the endoscopic technique. Prior to hysteroscopic myoma resection, pretreatment with GnRH agonists may be indicated in selected cases (large myomas, patients suffering from secondary anemia). Repeat resection is an option after failed primary hysteroscopic operation and may reduce the hysterectomy rate. In infertile women with submucosal or intracavitary fibroids, pregnancy and delivery rates are increased after hysteroscopic myomectomy. Operative hysteroscopy is also safe and effective in controlling persistent postmenopausal bleeding. To conclude, hysteroscopic resection is the gold standard for the treatment of symptomatic submucous fibroids.