Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is one of the most common disorders of cardiac rhythm. It is often a step toward permanent arhythmia, specially if associated with cardiac disease. The management objectives of intermittent arhythmia may be different, as maintenance of sinus rhythm. However, risks of stroke and thrombo-embolism are similar to those for sustained atrial fibrillation and must be carefully assessed. In this article we review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical aspects and current guidelines for treatment and management of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.