The need for a better co-ordinated interdisciplinary approach to cancer is widely recognised. An analysis of strengths and weaknesses has emphasised the importance of a better understanding of the behavioural and social factors which determine the success of preventative and screening programmes and those which will enhance the quality of care and support available to patients and their families. The European Commission provided funds to establish a consultation to formulate a strategy for the development of research in the behavioural, social and related sciences relevant to cancer. The key objectives were to inform research organisations of the steps necessary to enhance research capacity in these areas and identify the most productive directions for research in the forseeable future. The expert group identified 11 areas in which research might be expected to improve cancer control and treatment.