Increasing numbers of elderly patients are currently seeking chiropractic care. One condition commonly seen in the elderly is osteoporosis of the spine, which carries with it the risk of compression fractures. We present four cases in which patients were noted to have compression fractures following chiropractic adjustments. In each of these cases, serious questions are raised concerning the relationship between the adjustment and the occurrence of fracture. What is clear is that failure to diagnose a compression fracture, together with the application of adjustment into the area of fracture, can increase symptoms and prolong disability. It is recommended that patients with osteoporosis who have suffered a fall or injury be X rayed before treatment is given. In addition, special care should be exercised in elderly patients with osteoporosis.