Presentation of the etiology, diagnosis, possible complications and treatment of amaurosis fugax.amaurosis fugax is a transient monocular loss of vision, usually affecting the entire visual field.Amaurosis fugax is caused by transient retinal ischemia resulting from embolism, hemodynamic insufficiency or ocular vascular disease. In view of the high complication rate (annual blindness rate 1%, annual risk of an ischemic insult 2%, myocardial infarction 30%, and an 18% mortality rate), an immediate search for the underlying causes is mandatory. Diagnostic evaluation should include ophthalmological, neurological and cardiovascular investigations. Management of amaurosis fugax comprises, in the first instance, treatment of the underlying disease and administration of anti-platelet agents. In cases in which stenosis of extracranial vessels presents, endarterectomy may sometimes be considered.