Bronchiectasis, for which once only the most elementary palliation could be offered, now often can be cured by operation or well controlled by conservative therapy. Since true bronchiectasis implies irreversible anatomic changes, operation offers the only hope of cure, and it should be undertaken whenever it is not contraindicated by extent of involvement, age of the patient or other factors. Surgical results are excellent and mortality is at a minimum. When operation is prohibited, good results can still be anticipated by conservative measures. Such conservative therapy should combine prolonged use of antimicrobial drugs with adequate drainage of the diseased segments and general supportive measures. Any residual infection can be controlled by moderate use of appropriate antimicrobial agents. It is emphasized, however, that the control of bronchiectasis requires very careful diagnostic studies and a detailed analysis of the patient's condition, and that the therapy itself must be carefully adjusted in terms of the individual situation.