The following paper discusses a number of issues relevant to the use of topical hemostatic agents in neurosurgical procedures. We initially describe the basic application of such products and review their relative benefits in neurosurgical interventions, emphasizing the use of oxidized, regenerated cellulose. We then discuss their role in specific operations, such as cortical debridement, cavernous sinus, and other skull base approaches, and aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations of the brain.