Surgical repair of stress urinary incontinence by TVT was first performed in France in 1998, without any real evaluation of the morbidity related to this product before its release onto the market. In the context of the Necker 2002 report, a review of the literature and a multicentre study were performed to clarify this point. Bladder perforation, frequent during the early part of the learning curve, requires repositioning of the TVT and bladder catheterization for 48 hours, but does not cause any increase in postoperative morbidity. Urethral perforation, much less common, is a contraindication to maintenance of the TVT. Postoperative obstruction occurs in 5% to 12% of cases, and initially requires self-catheterization, as early section of TVT must be avoided. De novo instability is observed in 6% to 12% of cases, especially in the case of incomplete obstruction or a gaping bladder neck. Erosions due to TVT appear to be uncommon and are essentially vaginal.