Thalidomide was first used during the 50's-60's, especially for morning sickness in pregnant women. It was found to be a powerful teratogen only years later and was banned from use. At the same time it was found to have anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties and was approved as treatment for leprosy. As such, thalidomide might be used against pathological neovascularization, as seen in mustard gas exposure. From past experience we know that the eyes are the most vulnerable organ to mustard gas exposure. In some of the casualties there is a late sequella including pathological corneal neovascularization. So far there is no specific effective treatment against this neovascularization. The purpose of this review is to examine current research about the potential use of thalidomide as an anti-angiogenic agent, including potential role in treating mustard gas eye injury.