To invstigte the physiologic effects and therapeutic management ofthe abdominal kompartm sendrome (ACS) METHODS: A review ofthe recent Iiterature, experiences and opinions ofthe author are expressed in the papei:Intraabdominal bleeding, peritonitis, ileus, shock-reperfusion syndrome, intestinal edema, Iaparoscopic procedures with gas, ciosure ofthe abdomen in spite ofincreased pressure and burns are some ofthefactors that take place in etiology. The critical intrabdominal pressure value that requires decompression is debatable. In patients with high abdominal pressures, the pressure should be decreased with Iaparotomy immediately and the abdomen should not be ciosed primarily. These measures will help us to Iower the rates of mortality and morbidity and improve the quality ofhealth services.