Fibrates regulates not only plasma lipid metabolism but vascular biology by activating nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferating activated alpha (PPAR alpha). Major effects on plasma lipid levels are lowering plasma triglyceride level and elevating plasma HDL cholesterol level, whereas its effect on plasma cholesterol level is moderate compared to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. As a mechanism for its effects on plasma lipid levels and atherosclerosis, recent studies reported that fibrates activates various genes involved in metabolism of remnants and HDL such as lipoprotein lipase, apo AI, apo AII, and apo CIII genes through the interaction with PPAR alpha, lowering atherogenic lipoproteins and elevating anti-atherogenic lipoproteins. Furthermore, fibrates may influence the process of atherosclerosis by modifying inflammatory process in vascular wall. Recent clinical studies demonstrated that fibrates significantly reduce cardiovascular events in patients with either hypertriglyceridemia or low HDL cholesterol level.