This article describes the present status of diagnostic and therapeutic methods to treat mandibular fractures. In view of the needs of a functional rehabilitation as complete as possible, considerations about treatment procedures are presented. Fracture treatment of the mandible in this respect means anatomical reduction and stabilisation of the fracture fragments in order to achieve complete restoration of the bony continuity, preferable without intermaxillary fixation, and restoration of speech and chewing functions enhanced by normal dental hygiene. The role and development of fixation techniques are described and discussed. Finally the role of the general practitioner at the time of diagnostics and initial treatment as well as regarding postoperative treatment and interpretation of treatment modalities is discussed.