Eales' disease, first described by Eales Henry in 1880, is an idiopathic obliterative vasculopathy that primarily affects the peripheral retina of adults. From nosologic point of view, we could distinguish the "true Eales disease" affecting males in India and portions of the Middle East and the "Eales' like disease" with no geographical or sex predisposition. Vascular sheathing, peripheral retinal nonperfusion and neovascularization are the principal clinical and angiographic findings. It remains a diagnostic by exclusion and retinal diseases with other causes of inflammation or neovascularization must be excluded. In the absence of a specific treatment, retinal photocoagulation to the nonperfused retina and vitrectomy for recurrent vitreal hemorrhage could be proposed.