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Atsız ve Kemalizm: Bir polemiğin düşündürdükleri

Authors: Aytürk, İlker;

Atsız ve Kemalizm: Bir polemiğin düşündürdükleri

Abstract

Bu makalede Türk ırkçılarının 1930’lardan 1960’lara kadar Atatürk ve Kemalizme karşı takındıkları tutum incelenmektedir. Atatürk’ün ve Kemalist politikaların liberal, sol, yahut muhafazakâr-İslâmcı muarızları, Kemalizmin kendisi ırkçı olmasa bile, erken cumhuriyet döneminde özellikle dinî ve etnik azınlıklara yönelik ayrımcılık yapıldığını göstermişlerdir. Tam da bu yüzden, onyıllardır birikmiş bu anti-Kemalist eleştiri katmanlarının altında, bir de ırkçı eleştiri katmanı keşfetmek bir sürpriz oluyor. Türkiye’de ırkçı düşüncenin en önemli ideoloğu olan Nihal Atsız ve çevresinde kümelenmiş ırkçılar Atatürk’ün liderliğini, Sovyetlerle iyi geçinmeyi benimseyen ge- leneksel Türk dış politikasını ve özellikle erken cumhuriyet döneminde bir sivil milliyetçilik oluşturma çabalarını şiddetle eleştirmişlerdi. Türk ırkçıları Atatürk’ü ve Kemalistleri asla kendilerinden biraz farklı düşünen milliyetçi kardeşleri olarak görmediler; bilakis, bu makalede de gösterildiği gibi, ırkçılar Kemalistlerin aslında kozmopolit bir grup olduğunu öne sürdüler. Irkçılarla Kemalistler arasındaki düşmanca ilişki, Kema- listlerin nasıl da Batılı, demokratik bir çizgi ile içe kapanmış, her tarafta düşman algılayan bir dünya görüşü arasında salındığını bize hatırlatıyor, Kemalizmin sandığımızdan çok daha karmaşık ve çok yüzlü bir düşünceler koalisyonu olduğunu gösteriyor. This article examines racist attitudes toward Atatürk and Kemalism from the 1930s to the 1960s. Liberal, leftist and conservative-Islamist critics of republican Turkey s founder and his policies have contributed to a widely shared image that, even if Kemalism was not essentially racist, the Kemalist approach to religious and ethnic minorities could hardly be described as egalitarian. Thus one is taken by surprise to uncover a parallel layer of virulent racist criticism, hidden under the deposit of decades of anti-Kemalist discourse. The most important ideologue of racism in Turkey, Nihâl Atsız, and his circle attacked Atatürk s leadership, condemned Turkey s foreign policy, particularly the appeasement policy vis-à-vis the Soviet Union, and, most importantly, ridiculed Kemalist attempts of building a civic nation model in the early republican era. Turkish racists never considered Atatürk and the Kemalists as fellow nationalists; on the contrary, the research for this article shows that racists questioned their nationalist credentials and accused Kemalists of being cos- mopolitans. The acrimonious relationship between the racists and the Kemalist es- tablishment can be taken as an example of how the latter oscillated between a Western, democratic orientation and an inward-looking, xenophobic worldview, providing us, therefore, with a more complicated and multi-faceted picture of Kemalism.

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Turancılık, Milliyetçilik, Irkçılık, Atsız, Kemalizm

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green