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The Crimean Khanate under the reign of Gazi Giray II.

Authors: Türk, Ahmet;

The Crimean Khanate under the reign of Gazi Giray II.

Abstract

ABSTRACT The Crimean Khanate was originaly a successor state of the Golden Horde. For one century it competed with the other successor of the Golden Horde, the Kazan Khanate, for the inheritance of the Golden Horde. After one century none of the competing powers but a third power, Muscovy, succeded to recover the former territory of the Golden Horde. The Crimean Khanate had to survive within a far more hostile after the Russian annexation of Kazan (1552) and Astrakhan (1556). It was now under the attack of the Eastern Slavs. The Cossacks replaced the Turkic nomads of the Kipchak steppes. The Crimean Khans turned their faces to their overlords, Ottoman Empire, in order to stop Russian offense. Meanwhile, the Ottoman Empire was engaged in a deadly struggle with the Habsburgs in the West and the Safavids in the East. The Ottoman Empire could not focus their attention in the region except the brief Astrakhan campaign in 1569 and focused in the Eastern and Western fronts. Gazi Giray EL reigned during this period of transformation, when the influence of the Ottoman Empire began to increase in the Crimean Khanate. The Ottoman Empire requested the continious presence of the Crimean forces in the front in order to fill the gap that the long and costly wars created in the military might of the Empire. Gazi Giray EL managed to survive in this environment. He fullfilled the requests of the Ottomans but followed an independent policy whenever it was possible. He succeded to expend the influence of the Crimean Khanate to the Danubian Principalities and Transylvania. This ambitious policy costed to his throne but thanks to his political skills he managed to reassume his seat. Despite the fact that his relations with the Ottoman Porte did not normalise after his dismissal, he managed to remain in the throne because he was strong in the Crimea. He obtained the support of the Crimean people with his reforms and his successes in the wars. According to Crimean Chroniclers, his reign was one of the golden era of the Khanate.

Özet Kırım Hanlığı özünde Altın Ordu'nun bir devamıydı. Bir yüzyıl boyunca Altınordu'nun diğer bir mirasçısı, Kazan Hanlığı 'yla, Altınordu'nun mirası için mücadele etmişti. Bu mücadelenin galibi ise üçüncü bir güç, Moskova Prensliği oldu. Moskova Prensliği Altın Ordu'nun eski arazisini ele geçirmeğe muvaffak olduktan sonra Kırım Hanlığı daha tehlikeli bir çevrede yaşamak zorundaydı çünkü artık Doğu Slavlan'nın tehdidi altındaydı. Kazaklar Kıpçak Bozkırlar'ında Türk göçebelerinin yerini almaya başlamıştı. Kırım Hanlığı çare olarak yüzünü metbu olduğu Osmanlı imparatorluğu 'na dönmekte buldu. Osmanlı imparatorluğu ise Batı' da Habsburglarla Doğu' da Safevilerle ölümüne bir mücadeleye girişmişti. Bunun sonucu olarak kısa bir Astrahan Seferi (1569) dışında bölge ile ilgilenemeyip bütün dikkatini Doğu ve Batı'daki savaşlara yöneltti. II. Gazi Giray işte bu kritik devrede tam Kırım'da Osmanlı hakimiyeti kendini hissettirmeğe başladığı zamanda hüküm sürdü. Osmanlı imparatorluğu devamlı olarak Kırım kuvvetlerinin cephede olmasını istiyordu böylece uzun ve masraflı savaşların yol açtığı açıkların bir kısmını Kırım kuvvetleri ile kapatmayı düşünüyordu. Gazi Giray bu kritik devrede ayakta kalmayı başardı. Osmanlılar' m asker isteklerini yerine getirdi ama diğer yandan bağımsız bir siyaset sürdürmeye de çalıştı. Kırım Hanlığının etki sahasını Eflak, Boğdan ve Erdel'e yaymaya çalıştı. Bu ihtiraslı siyaseti sonunda tahtına mal oldu ama Osmanlı Siyaseti'ni dengelerini çok iyi bildiği için tahtım kısa zamanda geri almağa muvaffak oldu. ikinci Hanlığı sırasında Bab-ı Ali ile olan ilişkileri hiç düzelmemiş olmasına rağmen tahtta kalmaya devam etti çünkü yaptığı reformlar ve savaşlarda kazandığı basanlarla Kırım Halkı'nın sevgisini kazanmıştı. Kırım Vakanüvisleri Gazi Giray' m devrini Hanlığ'ın altın devirlerinden biri olarak göstermişlerdir.

134

Country
Turkey
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Keywords

Tarih, DK511.C7 T87 2000, History, Tataristan, Ottoman State, Crimean Khanate, Gazi Giray II

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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