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Force spectroscopy using bimodal atomic force microscopy

Authors: Aksoy, Mehmet Deniz;

Force spectroscopy using bimodal atomic force microscopy

Abstract

In atomic force microscopy (AFM) achieving compositional contrast while mapping topographical features is a challenging task. Conventional single mode frequency and amplitude modulation AFM techniques are sensitive to the properties of the tip sample interaction, however in the absence of additional information channels, compositional features such as elasticity and density cannot be distinguished from topographical variations. To tackle this problem bimodal excitation techniques are introduced. In bimodal amplitude modulation AFM, sensitivity to compositional features improves by recording the phase of the higher order vibrations, while the topography is acquired using the amplitude of the first order vibrations. Increased sensitivity to mechanical properties allows imaging delicate samples such as organic molecules using gentle forces.In this thesis we propose a force spectroscopy technique in which two modes of a cantilever are excited in such a way that the amplitudes of the components of the vibration stay constant. Presence of the force field modulates the properties of the primarily bi-harmonic vibration of the cantilever, which is, in our case, the instantaneous frequencies of vibration modes. The frequency shift of the first mode remains sensitive to topographical variation, whereas the frequency shift of the higher mode samples the gradient of the tip sample forces and allows us to extract the tip sample interaction as a function of separation within a single cycle of the slow oscillation.We provide an analytic treatment of the proposed scheme and confirm our predictions by numerical simulations. We present an analysis of the sensitivity of higher mode frequency shifts to compositional features in the presence of thermal and sensor noise. We demonstrate that the method is suitable for the fast acquisition of contact properties, especially in vacuum environment where the large quality factor of the cantilever limits the available bandwidth of the amplitude modulation techniques. Finally we investigate phase shifts in bimodal amplitude modulation AFM using the developed formalism and show that phase contrast can be optimized by solving a simpler problem in single mode amplitude modulation AFM.

Atomik kuvvet mikroskobu (AKM) kullanarak bir yüzeyin topoğrafya ve bileşen analizlerinin aynı anda yapılması başlı başına zor bir problemdir.Frekans ve genlik kiplemesi kullanan standart AKM teknikleri yüzey kuvvetlerinin özelliklerine duyarlı olsa da, ek bilgi kanallarınınyokluğu durumunda yüzey bileşen bilgisi ile topoğrafya bilgisi kolaylıkla karıştırılmaktadır. Yakın geçmişte bu problemi çözmek amacıylakuvvet sensörünün birden çok modunun titreştirildiği teknikler kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Genlik kiplemesi kullanılan,kuvvet sensörünün iki modunun titreştirildiği AKM tekniğininde ikinci modun fazı kullanılarak yüzeyin kimyasalözelliklerine olan duyarlılığı arttırmak, aynı zamanda ilk modun genliği kullanılarak yüzeyin haritasını çıkartmak mümkündür. Artan duyarlılıksayesinde hassas örnekler küçük kuvvetler kullanılarak incelenebilmektedir.Bu tezde hızlı bir kuvvet spektroskopisi tekniği önermekteyiz. Kuvvet sensörünün iki modu genlikleri sabit kalacak şekilde titreştirilir.Yüzey kuvvetlerinin varlığı bu ikili titreşimin özelliklerini değiştirir. Genlikler sabit tutulduğu için titreşimin anlık frekansları değişir.Birinci modun frekans değişimleri topoğrafik özelliklere duyarlı kalırken, rezonans frekansı yüksek olan modunanlık frekansı yüzey kuvvetlerinin türevi ile doğru orantılı olarak değişir. Böylece yüzeyin yükselik haritasını çıkarmaktan öte, her noktanınüzerindeki kuvvetleri öğrenmek, dolayısıyla incelenen yüzeyin kimyasal özelliklerini de hızla haritalamak mümkün olabilir.Önerilen tekniğin matematiksel özelliklerini araştırdıktan sonra sonuçlarımızı sayısal simülasyonlarla destekleyeceğiz. Bunun yanı sıra frekans kaymalarınınyüzey özelliklerine duyarlılığını termal ve sensör gürültüsünün varlığında inceleyeceğiz. Son olarak genlik kiplemesi kullanılan çift modluAKM tekniğindeki faz kontrast mekanizmasını anlamaya çalışacağız.

83

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Turkey
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Keywords

Spectroscopic imaging., Spectroscopic imaging, Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği, Atomic force microscope, 621, Amplitude Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy, Atomic force microscopy., Bimodal Excitation, Atomic Force Microscopy, Bimodal Imaging, QH212.A78 A47 2010, Force Spectroscopy, Frequency Modulation, Dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy, Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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