
handle: 11634/63847
En el presente trabajo se aborda el tema de la pobreza desde el enfoque de las políticas gubernamentales que han incidido en su reducción, estancamiento o incremento, parte de estas acciones, se traducen en programas sociales. El Programa Oportunidades se analiza, debido a su importancia, además, ha favorecido a la población vulnerable por más de 20 años en todo México, es un programa enfocado a la mejora y aumento del capital humano de las familias, cuyo objetivo es detener la transmisión de pobreza entre generaciones.En la revisión teórica, se incluyeron teorías económicas sobre pobreza, cuya finalidad es mostrar las principales metodologías de su medición, asimismo, los supuestos de la teoría de capital humano nos permiten observar que el Programa Oportunidades está basado en ellos. Finalmente, se planteó un modelo econométrico siguiendo la metodología de las ecuaciones mincerianas, agregando variables socioeconómicas de control que permiten observar los efectos del Programa Oportunidades. Se realizó una segmentación de la población en cuartiles con la finalidad de estimar el impacto del programa en diferentes sectores de la población, se utilizaron datos de 2004 a 2014. Los resultados muestran que, pese al esfuerzo gubernamental, el objetivo principal del Programa Oportunidades no se ha alcanzado.
In the present paper, the issue of poverty is approached from the perspective of government policies that have impacted on its reduction, stagnation or increase, part of these actions are translated into social programs. The Oportunidades Program is analysed, due to its importance, it has also favoured the vulnerable population for more than 20 years in all of Mexico, it is a program focused on the improvement and increase of the human capital of the families, whose objective is to stop the transmission of poverty between generations.In the theoretical review, economic theories on poverty were included, whose purpose is showing the main methodologies of their measurement, besides, the assumptions of the theory of human capital allow us to observe that the Oportunidades Program is based on them. Finally, an econometric model was proposed following the methodology of Mincerian equations, adding socioeconomic control variables that allow observing the effects of the Oportunidades Program. Segmentation of the population was carried out in quartiles with the purpose of estimating the impact of the program in different sectors of the population, using data from 2004 to 2014. The results show that, despite the government effort, the main objective of the Oportunidades Program is not has reached.
Programa Oportunidades, Pobreza; capital humano; Programa Oportunidades, human capital, Oportunidades Program, capital humano, Pobreza, Poverty; human capital; Oportunidades Program, Poverty
Programa Oportunidades, Pobreza; capital humano; Programa Oportunidades, human capital, Oportunidades Program, capital humano, Pobreza, Poverty; human capital; Oportunidades Program, Poverty
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