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Determinación estructural de la comunidad de macrófitas del humedal jaboque y su interacción con la calidad del agua como herramienta para la solución de la tendencia a la eutrofización

Authors: Paez Salamanca, David Leonardo; Ropero Rojas, Sebastian;

Determinación estructural de la comunidad de macrófitas del humedal jaboque y su interacción con la calidad del agua como herramienta para la solución de la tendencia a la eutrofización

Abstract

The Jaboque wetland is categorized as a Ramsar site due to its great ecological importance, the benefits and / or eco-systemic services that it provides to the different species of fauna and flora, functioning as natural regulators acting as sponges, which filter wastewater or contaminated by heavy metals and decomposition of organic matter. This Jaboque wetland is the second most important and largest in the city of Bogotá. The main objective of this research was to first determine the structure, composition, spatial distribution and percentage of coverage of the macrophytes; On the other hand, the physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of the Jaboque wetland was carried out. Taking these data into account, we calculate the Water Pollution Indices proposed by Ramírez (ICOTRO, ICOSUS, ICOMO), thus determining the trophic status of the wetland in each of the 3 sectors of the wetland called upper, middle and lower third. This study was carried out in the dry, rainy and transition seasons. In the second part of the paper a qualitative, quantitative and statistical analysis of the macrophyte community was carried out; Subsequently, the relationship between the macrophytes of the wetland with the physicochemical parameters of the water was established, taking into account the dynamics of the water quality in response to the presence of macrophytes in each sector according to their behavior to variations in the environment. For this, the canonical correspondence analysis (ACC) statistical interpretation tool is used, which is a multi-variant technique that maximizes the relationship between a series of dependent variables and a series of independent variables, which is based on a regression multiple. Thirteen species of macrophytes were identified Lemna gibba, Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, Schoenoplectus californicus, Zantedeschia aethiopica, Eichhornia crassipes, Azolla filiculoides, Cyperus papyrus, Polypogon elongatus, Carex luridiformis, Pennisetumwigdestinum, Junideus effusion, Ludidees clandestinum, Büdideus effusivens, Ludideeffus. The dominant species in the three sectors of the wetland were an invasive species (kikuyo grass) with 16.09%, Duckweed (Lemna gibba) with 9.19% and Junco (juncus effesus) with 4.59%; identifying the biotypes according to their typical form that can be considered a model of their species. The results obtained by the ICATest v.1 program show that the behavior of the physicochemical parameters (Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity, Phosphates, Nitrates, Total Dissolved Solids, BOD5 and Total Coliforms) indicate that the wetland has poor quality of water, due to the high organic load, biological productivity and excess nutrients that it presents. With a hypertrophic to eutrophic tendency.

El humedal Jaboque esta categorizado como sitio Ramsar por su gran importancia ecológica, los beneficios y/o servicios eco sistémicos que brindan a las diferentes especies de fauna y flora, funcionando como reguladores naturales actuando como esponjas, las cuales filtran las aguas residuales o contaminadas por metales pesados y descomposición de materia orgánica. Este humedal Jaboque es el segundo más importante y con mayor extensión en la ciudad de Bogotá. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue determinar primero la estructura, composición, distribución espacial y porcentaje de cobertura de las macrófitas; por otra parte, se realizó el análisis físico, químico y microbiológico del humedal Jaboque. Teniendo en cuenta estos datos se calculó los Índices de Contaminación de Agua propuestos por Ramírez (ICOTRO, ICOSUS, ICOMO), determinando así el estado trófico del humedal en cada uno de sus 3 sectores: tercio alto, medio y bajo. Este estudio se realizó en las temporadas seca, lluviosa y de transición. Se realizó un análisis de tipo cualitativo, cuantitativo y estadístico de la comunidad de macrófitas; posteriormente se estableció la relación entre las macrófitas del humedal con los parámetros fisicoquímicos del agua, teniendo en cuenta la dinámica de la calidad del agua como respuesta a la presencia de las macrófitas en cada sector de acuerdo con el comportamiento de éstas a las variaciones del medio. Para esto se empleó un análisis de correspondencia canónica (ACC), Se identificaron 13 especies de macrófitas Lemna gibba, Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, Schoenoplectus californicus, Zantedeschia aethiopica, Eichhornia crassipes, Azolla filiculoides, Cyperus papyrus, Polypogon elongatus, Carex luridiformis, Pennisetum clandestinum, Bidens laevis, Ludwigia peploides, Juncus effesus. Las especies dominantes en los tres sectores del humedal fueron una especie invasora (pasto kikuyo) con un 16,09%, Lenteja de agua (Lemna gibba) con un 9,19% y Junco (juncus effesus) con un 4,59%; identificando los biotipos según su forma típica que puede considerarse modelo de su especie. Se encontró que los parámetros fisicoquímicos (Temperatura, pH, Oxígeno disuelto, Turbiedad, Fosfatos, Nitratos, Sólidos disueltos totales, DBO5 y Coliformes Totales) indican que el humedal presenta una mala calidad de agua, debido a la elevada carga orgánica, productividad biológica y exceso de nutrientes que éste presenta. Con una tendencia hipertrófica a eutrófica.

http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.co

Ingeniero Ambiental

Country
Colombia
Related Organizations
Keywords

Calidad del agua, Humedales, Protección del medio ambiente, Eutrophication, Environmental protection, Macrófitas, Macrophytes, Water quality, Calidad del Agua, Water Quality, Wetlands, Spearman Correlation, Correlación de Spearman, Eutrofización

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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