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Bazı meyve (Prunus spinosa, prunus cerasus, prunus avium) çekirdek yağlarının fizikokimyasal ve biyoaktif özelliklerinin belirlenmesi

Authors: Atik, İlker;

Bazı meyve (Prunus spinosa, prunus cerasus, prunus avium) çekirdek yağlarının fizikokimyasal ve biyoaktif özelliklerinin belirlenmesi

Abstract

In this research, moisture content, free fatty acidity, peroxide value, saponification number, Iodine number, color property, viscosity value, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, mineral composition, fatty acid composition, sterol composition, aroma profile, phenolic component content and tocopherol concentration of oil obtained by cold press method from wild plum, sour cherry and sweet cherry kernels grown especially in Afyonkarahisar have been tried to be determined.The moisture contents of kernel oils were determined between 0.09 and 0.15. Free fatty acidity of oils varied between 0.129 and 6.60 %. The peroxide values of oils were determined between 1.19 and 1.70 (milliequivalent O2/kg) while the saponification numbers are found between 188.6 – 193.7 (mg KOH/g), the Iodine numbers changed between 94.34 and 106.86. In addition, red color values of wild plum, sour cherry and sweet cherry kernel oils were determined as 1.4, 6.0 and 1.9 while yellow color of oil samples are found as 28.0, 70.0 and 70.0, respectively. The viscosity values of oil samples were determined as 0.054 (Pa.s) (wild plum kernel oil), 0.057 (Pa.s) (sour cherry and sweet cherry kernel oil).Total phenolic content changed between 22.17 and 33.65 mg GAE/g extract while antioxidant capacity range from 1.05 to 1.86 mmol TE/g extract. Ca (616 µg/g) was detected as the highest mineral in wild plum kernel oil while Fe (860 µg/g) was the highest in sour cherry kernel oil and K (63 µg/g) was the highest in sweet cherry kernel oil. Oleic (72.72 %) and linoleic acids (42.42 % and 39.45 %) were the key fatty acids of wild plum, sour cherry and sweet cherry kernel oils, respectively. In terms of sterol composition, β – sitosterols (2509.93 – 6018.27 ppm) were found at highest levels in all kernel oils.When examined in terms of aroma profile, benzaldehyde (67.49 – 91.69) was found to be the most common in all kernel oils. Vanillin (4.70 ppm) was established as the major phenolic component in wild plum kernel oil while benzoic acid (79.7 and 58.8 ppm) was found as the most constituent in sour cherry and sweet cherry kernel oils, respectively. Total tocopherol concentrations of samples ranged from 184.48 to 728.86 ppm.As a result, it has been revealed that the kernels of these fruits which are abundant as fruit juice industrial waste can be processed into vegetable oil and used as a source of edible oil.

Bu araştırmada, özellikle Afyonkarahisar'da yetişen yaban eriği, vişne ve kiraz çekirdeklerinden soğuk pres yöntemiyle elde edilen yağların; nem içeriği, serbest yağ asitliği, peroksit sayısı, sabunlaşma sayısı, İyot sayısı, renk değeri, viskozite değeri, toplam fenolik içeriği, antioksidan kapasitesi, mineral madde bileşimi, yağ asidi kompozisyonu, sterol kompozisyonu, aroma profili, fenolik bileşen içeriği ve tokoferol içeriği belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.Çekirdek yağlarının nem içeriği 0.09 ve 0.15 arasında belirlenmiştir. Yağların serbest yağ asitliği % 0.129 ve 6.60 arasında değişmiştir. Yağların peroksit değeri 1.19 ve 1.70 (miliekivalent O2/kg) arasında tespit edilirken, sabunlaşma sayısı 188.6 – 193.7 (mg KOH/g) arasında bulunmuş, İyot sayısı 94.34 ve 106.86 arasında değişmiştir. Bununla birlikte, yaban eriği, vişne ve kiraz çekirdeği yağlarının kırmızı renk değerleri sırasıyla 1.4, 6.0 ve 1.9 olarak belirlenirken yağ örneklerinin sarı renk değerleri sırasıyla 28.0, 70.0 ve 70.0 olarak bulunmuştur. Yağ örneklerinin viskozite değerleri 0.054 (Pa.s) (yaban eriği yağı), 0.057 (vişne ve kiraz çekirdeği yağı) olarak belirlenmiştir.Toplam fenolik içeriği 22.17 ile 33.65 mg GAE/g ekstrakt arasında değişirken, antioksidan kapasitesi 1.05 ile 1.86 mmol TE/g ekstrakt arasında değişmiştir. Ca (616 µg/g) yaban eriği çekirdeği yağında, Fe (860 µg/g) vişne çekirdeği yağında ve K (63 µg/g) kiraz çekirdeği yağında en fazla tespit edilen mineral madde olmuştur.Oleik asit (% 72.72) ve linoleik asit (% 42.42 ve % 39.45) yaban eriği, vişne ve kiraz çekirdeği yağlarının başlıca yağ asitleri olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sterol bileşimi açısından, tüm çekirdek yağlarında en yüksek seviyede β – sitosterol (2509.93 - 6018.27 ppm) belirlenmiştir.Aroma profili açısından incelendiğinde, tüm çekirdek yağlarında en fazla benzaldehit (67.49 – 91.69) bulunmuştur. Vanilin (4.70 ppm) yabani eriği çekirdeği yağında ana fenolik bileşen olarak, benzoik asit (79.7 ve 58.8 ppm) ise vişne ve kiraz çekirdeği yağında ana fenolik bileşen olarak bulunmuştur. Numunelerin toplam tokoferol konsantrasyonları 184.48 ile 728.86 ppm arasında değişmiştir.Sonuç olarak, meyve suyu sanayi atığı olarak fazla miktarda bulunan bu meyvelerin çekirdeklerinin bitkisel yağ halinde işlenebileceği ve yenilebilir yağ kaynağı olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Country
Turkey
Keywords

Vişne, Kiraz, Food Engineering, Yaban eriği, Yağ, Çekirdek, Gıda Mühendisliği, Soğuk pres

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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