General characteristics of buffalo fattening in Afyonkarahisar Region of Turkey and resource usage efficiency level were determined by using Cobb-Douglas type production geometric means of 2005-2006. A total of 31 enterprises selected randomly were used. The expenditure distributions of buffalo fattening enterprises were calculated for the buffalo bull, feed, labour, veterinary medicine and drug cost and miscellaneous as 42.19, 27.26, 21.57, 2.63 and 6.36%, respectively. Average daily rough feed consumption (kg daily(-1)), average daily concentrated feed consumption (kg daily(-1)), total feed consumption (kg daily(-1)), feed conversation ratio, fattening period (day), average buffalo number and capacity usage percentage (%) were determined as 4.31, 8.08, 12.39, 10.99, 178.2, 10.45 and 39.92, respectively. The marginal value productivity of input factors for buffalo bulls, feed, labour, veterinary medicine and drug cost and miscellaneous cost were 1.403, 1.364, 0.015, 4.403 and -3.112, respectively. Return to scale in buffalo fattening enterprises in the research area was 1.02. The Cobb-Douglas production model results revealed a high possibility to increase factor-productivity and total economic of buffalo fattening enterprises. For this aim, effective technical and economical reorganization and education are needed.