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Habermascı Kamusal Alan Bağlamında Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler

Authors: ERAY, Şenay;

Habermascı Kamusal Alan Bağlamında Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler

Abstract

Toplumsal hareketler, 20.yüzyılın sonlarında dünya çapındaki dönüşümle beraber hem aktör hem de yöntemolarak değişikliğe uğramıştır. Bu dönüşüm temelde “kamusal alan”daki değişiklikile beraber gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışmada, kamusal alan ve toplumsal hareketlerdekimevcut dönüşümlerin karşılıklı ilişkisine Habermascı bir kamusal alan modeliiçerisinde bakılmıştır. Habermascı kamusal alan yaklaşımına göre toplumiçerisindeki çatışma, dönüşen kamusal alanla beraber “sistem” ve “yaşamdünyası” arasındaki birleşim noktalarında gerçekleşmeye başlamıştır. Yaşamdünyası ve kamusal alandaki bu dönüşüm ise tartışma yöntemini, müzakerebiçimini ve muhakeme öbeklerini değiştirerek var olan toplumsal hareketöznelerinin yeniden şekillenmesine neden olmuştur. Ve bu yeni özne grupları da“yeni toplumsal hareketlerin” kurucu aktörleri rolünü üstlenmiştir. Habermascıbir modelde,  kamuoyu, kamusal alan,devlet ve özel alan arasındaki ilişkiler ve aynı zamanda sistem ve yaşamdünyası arasında karşılıklı ilişki ağları dönüşüme uğramıştır; bu ise toplumsalhareketlerin çekirdeklerini yeniden biçimlendirmiştir. Toplumsal hareketlerinhem özneleri hem de konuları değişmiştir. Yeni hareketler artık sadece kamusalalan içerisinde sınırlı kalmayıp; sistem ve yaşam dünyası arasındaki temasbölgesine tekabül eden noktalara yayılmıştır. Toplumsal hareketlerin vücutbulduğu sermaye-işçi sınıfı arasındaki savaşım da ekonomik temelden kültür,kimlik ve yaşam tarzı etrafında oluşan “özgürlükçü” ve “direnç-geri çekilme”gizil güçleri çekirdeğinde oluşan eylemlere ve sözel birliktelikleredönüşmüştür. Var olan bu gizil güçler temelinde oluşan yeni toplumsal eylemlerise diğer taraftan kamusal alan ve kamuoyunda tekrar bir değişikliğe yolaçmaktadırlar.

During the last couple ofdecades of the 20th century, social movements are under a great transformationin terms of their actors and action patterns in parallel with the globalizingworld. This change has reflected the historically corresponding transformationof the public sphere. In this essay, the relation between the recenttransformation of public sphere and social movements within the Habermasianpublic sphere model is investigated. According to Habermasian public sphereapproach, the conflicts in society has appeared at the points of the seambetween “system” and “life-world” through the transforming public sphere. Thetransformation of life-world and public sphere caused to re-shaped of socialmovement agencies as changing the discussion methods, negotiation styles, andreasoning groups. Hence, this new agent groups take role of the founders of“new social movements”. In Habermasian approach, the relation between publicopinion-public sphere- state- private sphere and the relation networks between system-life world has been transformed. This transformation has re-shaped the nucleusof social movements. Not only agents but also the subjects of social movementshas changed. New social movements are no longer restricted within the publicsphere, but they overspread to the points of the seam between “system” and “life-world”.The conflict between the capital-labor class leading social movements haschanged from economic reasons to actions and discursive groups appearing aroundthe identity and life-style within the  “emancipatory” or the “resistance- withdrawal” potentials. The newsocial movements holding these potentials also cause a new transformation inpublic sphere and public opinion.

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

New social movements;Public sphere;Public opinion;Deliberative democracy, Sosyoloji, Yeni toplumsal hareketler;Kamusal alan;Kamuoyu;Müzakereci demokrasi

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green