To review the modern recognition of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in adults and the beneficial effects of growth hormone (GH) treatment in such cases.Most published original articles about GH and GHD in recent domestic and world wide related literatures were available.More than 65 originally identified articles were reviewed and 29 were selected that especially addressed the stated purpose.Treatment of GHD in adult human beings became an option following the development of rhGH and the numerous reports on the effect of rhGH therapy in such patients. The syndrome of GH deficiency in adults principally comprises abnormalities in body composition, cardiovascular risk factor, and psychological well-being. In comparison with normal individuals, these patients have increased total-body fat mass (particularly visceral adiposity), reduced muscle mass, reduced muscle strength exercise performance, and reduced bone mass. The psychological dysfunction comprises self-reported reduction in energy, mood, and sleep, along with objective reductions in marital and socioeconomic performance.The evidence that rhGH administration may be beneficial for the prevention, as well as treatment, of various clinical situations.