Alfonso of Aragon, the Magnanimous (1394-1458), when became king of the southern part of Italy in 1443, celebrated a spectacular Triumph. At his court, he gathered around himself the most learned intellectuals of the time, from any place: they completely renewed the political consensus building, adapted to the imperial aspirations of the new ruler. The legitimacy of the new kingdom followed different roads, on all the different power levels investigated by Max Weber: rational, traditional and charismatic. The result was the invention of “Monarchical Humanism”: a Humanism which has identifying characters, innovative, alternative or totally opposed to, but certainly no less important than those of the “Civil Humanism” developed in other places.