Summary: During the Civil War and the first few years of the Second World War, fascist-influenced youth associations were established by the Franco dictatorship in Spain. However, the defeat of the Axis powers and Franco’s rapprochement with the United States led to changes both to the regime and its youth associations. Within the context of a youth history that is gaining increasing importance, the great interest in these groups lies particularly in their long lifetime ( far longer than that of their counterparts in Fascist Italy or Nazi Germany). As a result of this longevity, these groups had to deal with important changes, without publicly admitting their failure, of a socio-political and cultural nature and which concerned the same ways of organizing youth.