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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of hydrated minerals from subterranean environments: implications for planetary exploration

Authors: F. Gázquez; F. Rull; J. M. Calaforra; G. Venegas; J. A. Manrique; A. Sanz; J. Medina; +6 Authors

Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of hydrated minerals from subterranean environments: implications for planetary exploration

Abstract

El reciente descubrimiento de minerales hidratados sobre la superficie de Marte sugiere la presencia de importantes cantidades de agua líquida durante algunas etapas de su historia geológica. A raíz de este hallazgo, los estudios sobre minerales hidratados en ambientes terrestres como potenciales análogos marcianos han adquirido gran relevancia. En el presente trabajo se han estudiado las características mineralógicas y geoquímicas de minerales hidratados procedentes de varias cuevas y minas españolas y de la región minera de Iglesias-Carbonia (Cerdeña, Italia) mediante técnicas espectroscópicas implicadas en misiones de exploración marciana presentes y futuras, con el fin de evaluar su potencial para la detección de este tipo de minerales. Por un lado, se ha utilizado la espectroscopia Raman, que formará parte de la carga científica de la misión ExoMars de la Agencia Espacial Europea. Por otro lado, la espectroscopia de IR, otra de las técnicas involucradas en esta misión de la ESA, así como la espectroscopia LIBS y la combinación de difracción-fluorescencia de rayos X (DRX-FRX), ambas a bordo de la misión MSL de la NASA. Estas técnicas han permitido identificar sulfatos (yeso, epsomita, jarosita y glaucocerinita), silicatos (hemimorfita) y carbonatos (hidrocincita e hidromagnesita), todos ellos minerales hidratados y algunos de los cuales también han sido descritos en Marte. Por otro lado, se han abordado los procesos de formación de estos minerales y las potenciales analogías con la mineralogénesis en Marte. Del conjunto de técnicas empleadas, la combinación Raman-LIBS se perfila como la opción más eficiente para la detección de minerales hidratados en condiciones marcianas.

The recent discovery of hydrated sulfates on the Martian surface suggests that widespread wet conditions were present during its early geological history. Upon this discovery, a growing interest has emerged in the study of this group of minerals from terrestrial environments as potential Martian analogs. Here, we evaluate the potential of various analytical techniques involved in current and future mission to Mars for detecting hydrated minerals from caves and mines of Spain and the mining district of Iglesias-Carbonia (Sardinia, Italy). Minerals were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, which will be included in the payload of the ESA’s 2018 ExoMars mission. On the other hand, IR spectroscopy, also included in the ExoMars mission, as well as LIBS spectroscopy and a combined XRD-XRF analyzer, both onboard the Curiosity rover of NASA’s MSL mission, were utilized. Hydrated sulfates (gypsum, epsomite, jarosite and glaucocerinite), silicates (hemimorphite) and carbonates (hydrozincite and hydromagnesite) were characterized. Most of these minerals have also been detected on the Martian surface. The mechanisms involved in the genesis of these minerals and the potential analogies with the minerogenesis on Mars are discussed. The Raman-LIBS combination appears to be the most powerful tool for detecting hydrated minerals in Martian conditions. This technology will probably be considered to be onboard of further planetary missions.

Country
Italy
Keywords

hydrated minerals, ExoMars, Raman spectroscopy, LIBS, Mars exploration, mine minerals, LIBS, mine minerals, espectroscopia Raman, análogos marcianos, Raman spectroscopy, minerales hidratados, Mars exploration, hydrated minerals, ExoMars, Marte

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green