The community of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECF) in a Pinus pinea- Tuber borchii truffière was studied using both morphological and molecular methods. The abundance of types of ectomycorrhizae and the presence of sporocarps of ECF have been studied for 13 years. The occurrence of T. borchii mycorrhizae and ascocarps was compared. Six different morphotypes were found and described. Molecular identification was performed by sequence analyses of the ITS regions. Comparing the ITS sequences obtained from mycorrhizae and from sporocarps we were able to identify the mycorrhizae of Inocybe rufuloides Bon and those of Paxina leucomelas (Pers.) O. Kuntze which contaminate the truffière.