Oro-fecal contamination is of utmost importance in the epidemiology of PCV2 and intestinal immune-competent cells play an important role for the systemic immune response in pigs. From a previous experiment three parts of the intestinal tract (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) of conventional gilts, vaccinated (V) or not (NV) against PCV2 and experimentally infected using PCV2 spiked semen during artificial insemination were available at 2 different sampling times: 29 and 55 days post infection (DPI). In this study, we developed a sandwich immunohistochemical method and we compared the amounts of plasma cells located in the lamina propria and producing PCV2 specific antibodies in the 2 groups of animals, V: n=6 and NV: n=6 at the 2 sampling times, 29 and 55 days post infection, n.=3 for each time in each group. The data are expressed as number of plasma cells in 10000 square micron of intestinal lamina propria. In the NV group, no increase of mucosal immunity to PCV2 was demonstrable over time: the amounts of lamina propria PCV2-specific plasma cells remains constant, 10.55 (SD 4.24; SE 1.06) and 10.06 (SD 5.01; SE 1.18) at 29 DPI and 55 DPI, respectively; t-test, P=0.76. In the V group we saw a significant increase of PCV2 mucosal immunity over time. The amounts of lamina propria PCV2-specific antibody-producing plasma cells increased from 9.37 (SD 13.36; SE 3.57) at 29 DPI to 18.76 (SD 15.83; SE 3.73) at 50-55 DPI (Mann-Whitney U test, P=0.037). We conclude that vaccination prepared animals to better react to further infection through an increase of the number of plasma cells containing specific anti PCV2 antibodies. This could help to prevent both the entry (viremia) and the shedding of the virus.