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First detection of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4) in Europe

Authors: Holgado-Martín, Rocío; Arnal, José Luís; Sibila, Marina; Franzo, Giovanni; Martín-Jurado, Desireé; Risco, David; Segalés, Joaquim; +1 Authors

First detection of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4) in Europe

Abstract

Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4) is a novel virus recently discovered (2019) in domestic pigs from China, although several studies have proven its circulation since 2008. Later, PCV-4 was also detected in wild boar populations from China and domestic pigs from South Korea and Thailand. Currently, Asia is so far the only continent where this novel virus has been reported; few studies carried out in South America and Europe failed in the attempt to detect it. The objective of this Comment is to communicate the first detection of PCV-4 in Europe, specifically in wild boar and domestic pigs from Mid-South-Western Spain. A retrospective study was carried out on wild boar and domestic pigs, both extensively (Iberian breed) and intensively raised, from Spain and Italy, sampled between 1998 and 2022. PCV-4 genome detection was attempted using different conventional or quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) protocols and some positive results were confirmed through Sanger sequencing. A total of 57 out of 166 (34.3%) Spanish wild boar and 9 out of 223 (4%) Iberian pigs (both geographically located in the Mid-South-Western Spain) were qPCR positive, while the rest of tested animals from North-Eastern Spain and Italy were negative. Partial sequences of Rep or Cap genes of selected samples confirmed the presence of PCV-4. The relatively high prevalence in wild boar and the low one in Iberian pigs from the same areas suggests intra- and interspecific transmission, being the wild boar a potential viral reservoir. The epidemiological and clinical importance of these findings are currently unknown, but guarantees further research on this novel virus.

Country
Italy
Keywords

Iberian pig; Italy; Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4); Spain; Wild boar

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green