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Three-dimensional numerical codes for simulating groundwater contamination: FLOW3D, flow in saturated and unsaturated porous media

Authors: C. Paniconi; S. Ferraris; PUTTI, MARIO; PINI, GIORGIO; GAMBOLATI, GIUSEPPE;

Three-dimensional numerical codes for simulating groundwater contamination: FLOW3D, flow in saturated and unsaturated porous media

Abstract

In this paper we describe the numerical code for a three-dimensional ground- water flow model. The model is developed for the case of variably saturated porous media, applicable to both the unsaturated (soil) zone and the saturated (groundwater) zone. The governing equation is nonlinear, and is linearized using either Picard or Newton iteration. The large sparse systems of linear equations generated by the finite element discretization are solved using efficient preconditioned conjugate gradient-like methods. Tetrahedral elements and linear basis functions are used for the discretization in space, and a weighted finite difference formula is used for the discretization in time. The code handles: temporally and spatially variable boundary conditions, including seepage faces and evaporation/precipitation inputs; heterogeneous material properties and hydraulic characteristics, including saturated conductivities, porosities, and storage coefficients; and various expressions to describe the moisture content-pressure head and relative conductivity-pressure head relationships. The model solves for nodal pressure heads, and uses these values to compute the water saturations and velocities over the flow domain. The water saturation and velocity values can be used ad input in the LEA3D and NONLEA3D transport codes, which are describede in a companion paper.

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Italy
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Keywords

3D numerical code; groundwater contamination; flow; porous media; FLOW3D

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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