The article written by two hands with the Director of the National Museum in Teheran M.R. Kargar, is included in a special volume edited by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs devoted to a program of Renovation and Rehabilitation of the National Museum of Teheran. The Museological aspects are posed by the authors to the light of the discoveries of the last thirty years which, up to now, did not find place in the present Galleries of the Museum. According to a very sophisticated museographic project made by a very high level Iranian and Italian architects, which sees the utilization of three different floors, including the roof, the two authors led the reader through the difficult history of the archaeological documentation in Iran starting from the Neolithic to the Sasanian time in a completely renewed way to look at the ancient history of the country.