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The geometry of form in descriptive geometry education

Authors: Leonardo Baglioni; Marta Salvatore;

The geometry of form in descriptive geometry education

Abstract

Il contributo pone l’accento sul ruolo che l’insegnamento della geometria descrittiva assume ancora oggi nella formazione di architetti e ingegneri in relazione al controllo dei processi di genesi della forma in ambito architettonico e di design. Fin dalla fondazione ottocentesca delle scuole politecniche, l’insegnamento della geometria descrittiva ha fatto parte del bagaglio culturale di architetti e ingegneri. La raccolta delle Leçon date da Monge all’École Normale poneva l’accento su due obiettivi fondativi: la rappresentazione della forma e lo studio, con approccio sintetico e cioè attraverso il disegno, delle proprietà geometriche delle figure. Negli anni, la didattica della geometria descrittiva si è rivolta principalmente verso i metodi grafici della rappresentazione, trascurando quell’idea mongiana di passaggio dal “noto all’ignoto” che evidenziava il carattere euristico del disegno per l’analisi e la conoscenza delle proprietà geometriche delle figure. Da diversi anni la scuola di geometria descrittiva della Sapienza di Roma è promotrice di istanze di rinnovamento di questa scienza, con l’obiettivo di valorizzarne gli aspetti conoscitivi, coniugando le teorie geometriche con i metodi della rappresentazione digitale. Questo contributo racconta dieci anni di sperimentazione e collaudo di una metodologia didattica finalizzata all’insegnamento delle proprietà geometriche delle linee e delle superfici e delle ricadute che tali proprietà hanno avuto e ancora oggi hanno nei processi di genesi della forma progettata, statica e cinematica. La metodologia passa attraverso l’idea di “costruzione”, come insegna Loria, come dimostrazione esistenziale delle figure, con cui operare nello spazio digitale coniugando le ragioni geometriche della forma teorica con la pratica del progetto.

This paper highlights the continued relevance of descriptive geometry in the education of architects and engineers, particularly in relation to controlling the generative processes of form in architecture and design. Since the establishment of polytechnic schools in the 19th century, descriptive geometry has been a fundamental component of the cultural and technical training of architects and engineers. Monge’s Leçons, delivered at the Écoles Normales, emphasized two foundational objectives: the representation of form and the synthetic study of geometric properties through drawing. Over time, the teaching of descriptive geometry has increasingly focused on graphical representation methods, often neglecting Monge’s original principle of transitioning from the known to the unknown, an approach that underscored the heuristic value of drawing in analysing and understanding geometric properties. For several years, the descriptive geometry school at Sapienza University of Rome has been promoting a renewal of this discipline, seeking to enhance its epistemic value by integrating geometric theories with digital representation methods. This paper presents a decade of experimentation and testing of a teaching methodology aimed at imparting knowledge of the geometric properties of lines and surfaces and their impact - both historically and in contemporary practice - on the processes of static and kinematic form generation. The methodology is rooted in the concept of construction, as proposed by Loria, understood as an existential demonstration of geometric figures. This approach enables to operate within digital space combining geometric principle of theoretical form with the practice of design.

Country
Italy
Related Organizations
Keywords

geometria descrittiva; teorie della forma; metodi digitali della rappresentazione; didattica della geometria descrittiva

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green