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Protection and consolidation of stone heritage: the role of carbonatogenic bacteria

Authors: BENEDETTI, FRANCESCA;

Protection and consolidation of stone heritage: the role of carbonatogenic bacteria

Abstract

La conservazione del patrimonio lapideo è fondamentale per proteggere nel tempo questi materiali dai vari processi di degrado ambientale. Questo progetto di ricerca per il dottorato si propone di esplorare l'uso innovativo di batteri capaci di indurre la produzione di carbonato di calcio, una tecnica conosciuta come bioconsolidamento o biorestauro. Questa metodologia rappresenta un’alternativa sostenibile ai metodi di conservazione tradizionali, in particolare per i materiali lapidei composti principalmente da calcite. A differenza delle tecniche convenzionali, che possono risultare tossiche e presentare limitazioni nelle applicazioni, il bioconsolidamento sfrutta le capacità naturali dei batteri di precipitare carbonato di calcio, rinforzando il substrato lapideo rispettando l’ambiente. Adottando un approccio multidisciplinare, questa ricerca integra tecniche microbiologiche e geologiche per isolare e caratterizzare specie e comunità microbiche dai materiali del patrimonio culturale e per valutare l'efficacia nel biorestauro. Lo studio esamina il potenziale carbonatogenico di batteri endogeni isolati direttamente dai manufatti lapidei, concentrandosi sulla loro capacità di produrre bioprecipitati di carbonato di calcio. La composizione chimica, la mineralogia e la struttura di questi bioprecipitati sono state analizzate in modo approfondito utilizzando diverse tecniche. Ceppi batterici selezionati sono stati applicati a vari litotipi, tra cui calcarenite (macco), travertino e marmo, per valutarne l'efficacia mediante diversi metodi di applicazione e variandone le tempistiche. L'efficacia del bioconsolidamento è stata valutata attraverso diverse tecniche, come microscopia, spettroscopia e test meccanici, al fine di analizzare i cambiamenti nelle proprietà fisiche e chimiche del substrato lapideo prima e dopo il trattamento. Questi esperimenti hanno fornito dati completi sui cambiamenti microstrutturali, mineralogici e meccanici, nonché sulla compatibilità ed efficacia del processo di bioconsolidamento. Adattando le tecniche di bioconsolidamento alle caratteristiche specifiche di ogni tipo di substrato, questa ricerca ha individuato una metodologia flessibile ed efficace per la conservazione di diversi manufatti in pietra. L'obiettivo è stato quello di sviluppare una strategia di conservazione sostenibile che riduce al minimo l'impatto ambientale, garantendo al contempo la longevità e l'integrità dei materiali del patrimonio culturale per le generazioni future. Questo approccio innovativo non solo avanza le pratiche di conservazione, ma sottolinea anche l'importanza di comprendere le interazioni tra batteri e substrati nello sviluppo di strategie di bioconsolidamento.

The conservation of stone Heritage is crucial for protecting these materials from various environmental degradation processes over time. This PhD research project explores the innovative use of carbonate-producing bacteria, a technique known as bioconsolidation or biorestoration, as a sustainable alternative to conventional conservation methods for stone materials primarily composed of calcite. Unlike traditional techniques, which can be toxic and face limitations in application, bioconsolidation leverages the natural ability of bacteria to precipitate calcium carbonate, thereby strengthening the stone substrate while respecting the environment. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this research integrates microbiological and geological analyses to isolate and characterize microbial species and communities from Cultural Heritage materials and evaluate their biorestoration effectiveness. The study examines the carbonatogenic potential of indigenous bacteria directly sourced from stone artifacts, focusing on their ability to produce calcium carbonate bioprecipitates. The composition, mineralogy, and structure of these microbial precipitates are thoroughly analysed. Selected bacterial strains have been applied to various stone types, including calcarenite (macco), travertine, and marble, to evaluate their effectiveness under different application methods over time. The effectiveness of bioconsolidation has been assessed using various techniques, such as microscopy, spectroscopy, and mechanical testing, to evaluate changes in the physical and chemical properties of the stone materials before and after treatment. These experiments provided comprehensive data on microstructural, mineralogical, and mechanical changes, as well as insights into the compatibility and the effectiveness of the bioconsolidation process. By adapting bioconsolidation techniques to the specific characteristics of each lithology, this research establishes a flexible and effective methodology for the conservation of different stone artefacts. The overall objective is to create a sustainable conservation strategy that minimizes environmental impact while ensuring the preservation of cultural heritage materials for future generations. This innovative approach not only advances conservation practices, but also emphasizes the importance of understanding bacterial-substrate interactions in the development of reliable bioconsolidation strategies.

Country
Italy
Related Organizations
Keywords

Biomineralization; Carbonatogenic bacteria; Bioconsolidation; Cultural heritage preservation; Stone consolidation

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green