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La dittatura antica e le dittature moderne: dal diritto romano all’attualità

Authors: antonio saccoccio;

La dittatura antica e le dittature moderne: dal diritto romano all’attualità

Abstract

Il termine "dittatore" evoca spesso un regime dispotico, tirannico, assolutistico, mentre nella Roma antica il dittatore era una magistratura "regolare". Tuttavia, già con Silla e Cesare, l'istituto aveva iniziato a virare verso il dispotismo. La connotazione negativa si diffuse definitivamente durante la Rivoluzione francese. L'uso della dittatura come magistratura costituzionale si ritrova in America Latina con figure come Francisco de Miranda e José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, e in Europa con Garibaldi. Con il concetto di "dittatura del proletariato" elaborato da Karl Marx, la dittatura assunse il significato di potere rivoluzionario, necessario per abbattere la tirannia borghese. Si sviluppò così un ulteriore paradigma ideologico che portò a considerare anche la dittatura romana come un potere eccezionale e dispotico, associato alla soppressione della giustizia civile e alla proclamazione dello stato d'assedio. Oggi è più che mai essenziale non confondere emergenza con eccezione e riconoscere che la dittatura appartiene al primo concetto e non al secondo. Una rilettura delle fonti romane potrebbe aiutare a recuperare un'idea di potere offuscata dalle sovrastrutture concettuali sviluppatesi nei secoli.

Country
Italy
Related Organizations
Keywords

Dittatura; stato di necessità; magistrature costituzionali; diritto romano

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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