Nowadays, nanotechnology offers new means for the consolidation of historical papers, ancient woods and textile materials from natural fibers. Among the most promising materials that are widely used in this area are those based on crystalline nanocellulose (CNC). The application of these new materials in Cultural Heritage field is the subject of the research work presented here, that will constitute a Master's Degree Thesis in Nanotechnology Engineering, coordinated by Prof. Mattiello (Sapienza University of Rome), Prof. Graiff (University of Parma) and Dr. Morresi (Vatican Museums Diagnostic Laboratory for Conservation and Restoration).